【在線交流】對蝦苗種繁育及養殖場管理@Dr. Matthew Briggs，6月18日下午16:00

夏天的雨

育苗與養殖很大的差別就是，育所以苗場內環境是基本可控的，處于相對比較理想的狀態；而在養殖過程中，環境則是復雜多變的，有時候把我們認為是有損蝦健康的因子都除掉，或許并不是好事，馬修如何看待這個問題呢？

馬修

normally we use probiotics which are mostly comprised of a mixture of bacillus and lactobacillus species - these can help remove toxic ammonia and nitrite, outcompete vibrios and actually kill off bad vibrio species. They thus improve environmental conditions.
some people also brew their own non-pathogenic vibrio strains in the hatchery, but they do not help water quality, only outcompete pathogenic vibrios

翻譯：
通常我們使用的益生菌，大多數是由芽孢桿菌和乳酸桿菌，他們可以幫助清除有毒的氨氮和亞硝酸鹽，o控制弧菌，改善對蝦生長環境。有些孵化場自己培養非致病性弧菌，這樣做對水質改善沒有幫助，只不過可以對抗致病性弧菌

馬修

yes, organic acids can lower pH in fish/shrimp gut from pH 7 to pH 4-5 which can kill pathogenic gram negative bacteria like vibrios, buit does not kill gram positive probiotic bacteria
this is used alot in livestock (pig, chicken) but not much yet in shrimp. But it does work both in hatchery and pond farms

翻譯：
是的，有機酸能將蝦腸道內的PH從 7降至4-5，可以殺死致病性革蘭氏陰性菌如弧菌，但不殺死革蘭氏陽性菌。目前很多家畜（豬，雞）上都在這樣使用，蝦上用的不多。但它的確在苗場養殖和養殖場都非常有效。

海天一色

還有，現在提倡生態養殖，多使用微生態制劑，但他也有一個問題，在環境適宜時，微生態制劑是優勢菌群是益生菌，但在不適條件下，微生態制劑也會帶來條件致病菌，這個問題馬修博士怎么看呢？您有什么好的建議嗎？

逆游的魚

網友提問：
對于近段時間出現嚴重的排塘現象，請問應該要如何去處理？是補苗還是不補？怎么補？補什么苗？謝謝

馬修

in Chinese hatcheries the main problem is reliance on old ways of management. There does not seem to be much capacity for problem solving.
I think the biggest problem is not using live algae. Live algae must be grown with care so it is not contaminated and then is ideal feed for larvae, but also helps maintain water quality and even reduce vibrios. If it is done badly and poor quality then it is bad, so most Chinese hatcheries do not do it. If done properly it is very good.
the other main problem is a focus on quantity rather than quality. In order to get high quality PL you must focus on quality

翻譯：
在中國，主要問題是對于舊的管理方式的過度依賴，似乎沒有太多的從解決問題的角度去考慮。我認為最大的問題是不用活藻。而且活藻的培訓必須要非常的嚴格，讓它不受污染。活藻不僅是理想的餌料，而且有助于保持水質以及減少弧菌。但是活藻如果培育得不好，質量差，它會帶來不好的影響，所以大多數中國孵化場不做。但如果做得好，這對育苗幫助是很好的。另一個主要問題是注重產量不注重質量。想要培訓高品質的蝦苗你必須關注這一點。

pondplus

海天一色 發表于 2013-6-18 16:31
還有就是如何解決豐年蟲的殼帶入病原這個問題呢？

這次馬修博士在湛江講課就提到豐年蟲攜帶病原的問題，強烈建議做苗的企業在豐年蟲孵化前，需要進行蛻殼處理。這樣做1，可以縮短時間；2，提供豐年蟲的孵化率；3，減少豐年蟲攜帶弧菌。馬修課件里有詳細的蛻殼操作流程，有需要可以聯系我！

和蟹天然

馬修 發表于 2013-6-18 16:32
normally we use probiotics which are mostly comprised of a mixture of bacillus and lactobacillus spe ...

翻譯：通常我們使用的益生菌，大多數是由芽孢桿菌和乳酸桿菌，他們可以幫助清除有毒的氨氮和亞硝酸鹽，o控制弧菌，改善對蝦生長環境。有些孵化場自己培養非致病性弧菌，這樣做對水質改善沒有幫助，只不過可以對抗致病性弧菌

yulee

pondplus 發表于 2013-6-18 16:38
這次馬修博士在湛江講課就提到豐年蟲攜帶病原的問題，強烈建議做苗的企業在豐年蟲孵化前，需要進行蛻殼處 ...

如果能提供真是非常感謝! 郵箱:463790331@qq.com。

逆游的魚

對于EMS早期的補救都有哪些措施了？

馬修

Normally, we only use the broodstock for 4 months as after that they become used up and do not produce good quality nauplius any more. So once we ablate, we use continuously for 4 months, then get a new batch. We do not stop and start with the same batch

和蟹天然

馬修 發表于 2013-6-18 16:34
yes, organic acids can lower pH in fish/shrimp gut from pH 7 to pH 4-5 which can kill pathogenic gra ...

翻譯：是的，有機酸能將蝦腸道內的PH從 7降至4-5，可以殺死致病性革蘭氏陰性菌如弧菌，但不殺死革蘭氏陽性菌。目前很多家畜（豬，雞）上都在這樣使用，蝦上用的不多。但它的確在苗場養殖和養殖場都非常有效。

馬修

If you have already got EMS you must stop feeding immediately for 5-7 days then start again slowly after that. You stop feeding to try to improve the environment and help the shrimp recover. also, controlling water quality (with probiotics) and trying to keep algae bloom stable and not allow rapid fluctuations in pH or high pH levels may help. However, sometimes none of this helps and you mjust harvest pond and start again

馬修

You are right - the hatchery is controlled and "sterile" environment while the pond fluctuates widely
Normally the PL or even juveniles in the nursery do not suffer from EMS, but when we stock the ponds, immediately they do. Thus the stress of moving them and the stress factors in the ponds obviously affect them very quickly.
Many Asian farmers are used to killing everything in the pond to try to start clean, but if you do that (with chlorine or pesticide) then quickly bacteria will grow back - there is always bacteria - you cannot stop them. so you have to make sure the ones that grow back are non-pathogenic - i.e. add alot of probiotics or heterotrophic bacteria right away during pond preparation otherwise bad bacteria will grow quickly.
One farm in Thailand avoids EMS by not killinbg everything, but fertilizing to produce good bloom of diatoms and zooplankton (copepods) to promote a good environment at it seems to work to avoid EMS


翻譯：你是對的。育苗場是相對“無菌”的環境而池塘的環境隨時都在變化。因而當我們把苗發到塘中后，他們容易出現EMS，而在這之前不會發生。很明顯，我們放苗以及塘中的環境會對他們造成很大的應激。亞洲的許多養殖戶在遇到EMS后，就直接清塘，用氯或農藥消毒，希望下一造干干凈凈地開始。但實際上，細菌很快地地又卷土重來了——細菌總是存在的，你不可能阻止。所以你要確保的是塘中存在的細菌是非致病性的，即增加很多益生菌抑制有害菌的生長。在泰國的一個農場，通過促進藻及浮游生物及有益菌地生長，從而維持一個比較好的水質環境。從而很好地預防EMS的問題。

海天一色

現在病害這么嚴重，有沒有什么好的養殖模式？您怎么樣國內專家推廣的魚蝦混養呢？

海天一色

現在病害這么嚴重，有沒有什么好的養殖模式？您怎么樣國內專家推廣的魚蝦混養呢？

和蟹天然

馬修 發表于 2013-6-18 16:37
in Chinese hatcheries the main problem is reliance on old ways of management. There does not seem to ...

翻譯：在中國，主要問題是對于舊的管理方式的過度依賴，似乎沒有太多的從解決問題的角度去考慮。我認為最大的問題是不用活藻。而且活藻的培訓必須要非常的嚴格，讓它不受污染。活藻不僅是理想的餌料，而且有助于保持水質以及減少弧菌。但是活藻如果培育得不好，質量差，它會帶來不好的影響，所以大多數中國孵化場不做。但如果做得好，這對育苗幫助是很好的。另一個主要問題是注重產量不注重質量。想要培訓高品質的蝦苗你必須關注這一點。

海天一色

在馬來西亞的《農牧世界》雜志2013年3月刊上看到：“在水產養殖方面，每周加入1ppm木醋液，可以使水質清潔、提高pH、溶解所投入的制造水色肥料成分。木醋液有效加強魚蝦糞便轉化，池水發臭幾率幾乎不會發生。此外，目前使用木醋液的蝦池并無EMS等病害報告。在飼料中添加1%食用木炭粉能使魚蝦飼料在水中的香味持久度提高，增加魚蝦食欲，并幫助消化。”

木醋液始于日本，是樹木等有機物的熱分解產物，含有200多種有機物成分，功用機制非常復雜，有“因使用方法差異，亦可為藥，亦可為毒”的說法。

木醋液可以防EMS？
剛剛看到一個網友的發帖

馬修

Shrimp and fish polyculture is very good, as the right species of fish has a very positive effect on the water quality (especially vibrio levels) in the water and sediment, helping the shrimp to fight disease. Many times, the culture is still mostly shrimp (stocked at 50-60/m2) and the fish is just there for improving environment (0.5 fish/m2). Normally herbivorous fish are used which do not east the shrimp - like tilapia or mullet or milkfish. Of course, this means lower stocking density, so less profit, but more sustainable - so long term it is a better strategy and works to prevent diseases like EMS and WSSV and IMNV

淡泊寧靜

雖養魚不養蝦，也來頂一下外國朋友